Optical Network Proposal - 954 Words

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW AND MOTIVATION The great growth in user’s demand for bandwidth due to today’s network applications stir the competition between network carriers. FSAN began studies to access needs in late 2010, they concluded that there is a great gap between user needs and the bandwidth offered by the 10 gbps capable Passive Optical Network (10G-PON known as XGPON) technologies. A system proposal for Next Generation- Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) stage 2 was commenced in 2011. Among other solutions Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) technology was recommended at the April 2012 meeting as a primary solution to design and implement NG-PON2 [1]. This network design achieves†¦show more content†¦Through the distribution fiber (DF), each output port of RN1 goes to a different remote node 2 (RN2) which includes a power splitter (PS), and then each output port of the PS is connected to a different ONU by the last mile fiber (LMF). According to the RN1 configuration, we have three variants of a TWDM-PON architecture: a) Wavelength Selected TWDM-PON with PSs at the RN1; b) Wavelength Split TWDM-PON with arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) at the RN1; and c) Wavelength Switched TWDM-PON with wavelength selective switches (WSSs) at the RN1. The wavelength selected TWDM-PON is a fully flexible solution as the PS at RN1 broadcasts all wavelengths to all users, but has a high insertion loss and poor security due to the use of only PSs. The wavelength split TWDM-PON has a fixed wavelength allocation and thus will not be able to serve flexibility advantages. However, paper [4] shows that the full flexibility is not always required and a partial flexible solution can already give several advantages of flexibility. Overcoming the drawbacks of both wavelength selected and wavelength split, paper [5] proposed such a partially flexible solution with a WSS in RN1, which we refer as the wavelength switched TWDM-PON. To address some of the challenges related to the future high capacity transport networks, a particular communication system should mainly focus on three major areas (i.e., impact of traffic locality on the network infrastructure, cost versus reliability of futureShow MoreRelatedFi-Wi Technology1692 Words   |  7 PagesFi-Wi TECHNOLOGY (Fiber Wireless Network Architecture) Gande Kiran Kumar, IT Department, MallaReddy Inst of Eng Tech(MRIET) , Maisammaguda, Secunderabad. kirangande92@gmail.com 8099225308. ,Gajula Vijay Kumar , IT Department, MallaReddy Inst of Eng Tech(MRIET) Maisammaguda, Secunderabad Shivavijay06@gmail.com 8125746522. 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The Catcher in the Rye and The Outsider novels hold Free Essays

The Catcher In the Rye are both among the most important novels of the twentieth century. The modern world’s general moral change and the individual’s alienation from the society serve as the main, basic topic for both novels which is still relevant to any twenty first century reader. Since many people find themselves in the same position of feeling like an outsider from society In their own worlds, I intend to outline how It still finds relevance today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Catcher in the Rye and The Outsider novels hold or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both characters, Meursault and Holden Caulfield share the same sense that they are lienated from the worlds in which they live in which is important to a twenty first century reader as many people have problems assimilating themselves into society. Like Holden, teens today also resist conforming to society’s norms as is also highlighted in The Stranger with the protagonist Meursault. Salinger chooses to narrate his novel so that the novel that depicts his protagonist, Holden’s, transition from adolescence to adulthood. In contrast, Camus writes his novel In order to record the events leading up to, and the last days before, the execution of his main character, Meursault. Through the employment of settings, characterisation and endings, both authors imply that society’s pressure on the individual to fit in plays a major part in both of these climaxes, this has huge importance to any twenty first century reader as the topic Is still challenged in todays society. Both characters Meursault and Holden Caulfield suggest that society pressures individuals to fit in and conform to. Holden is a teenager struggling with the fact that everyone has to grow up, which to him means that you have to become â€Å"phony’ or corrupt. Holden distances himself from the adult world and so to stay a child he gets imself expelled from schools. While on the other hand Meursault does things for no real reason. He is completely aloof, unattached and almost an unemotional person. He does not think much about events or their consequences, nor does he express much feeling In relationships or during emotional times. Both of these characters express their detachment from society which is relevant for many people in the twenty first centurys society as many people find difficulty finding their place within civilization. Holden’s conversational tone and choice of words Illustrates his rebellion from adult ociety as a stereotypical teenager. His frustration with adults Is characterized by his persistent use of words like â€Å"goddamn,† â€Å"puked,† â€Å"hell,† â€Å"crap,† and â€Å"moron. † When Holden describes Jane’s stepfather, he talks about how he would â€Å"run around the goddamn house naked†. He continues using this word when he tells the reader how Sally was conversing with a college friend, â€Å"they continued their goddamn boring conversation†. This relates to a twenty first century teenager in particular as they also have their own language to separate themselves from their parents such as In the ries desperately to have almost a direct conversation with the reader, aware of his audience; he attempts to impress the audience by exaggeration or repetition through a narrative tone. There is a sense that Holden wants the audience to like him as he utilizes the audience as a counsellor as outpours his ideas. This is relevant to many teenagers in the twenty first century as they try to find their place in civilization or a school society and may go to extreme lengths to find themselves and create a reputation for people to remember them by. In The Outsider, it is almost the opposite ith Meursault. Through short clinical sentences and abrupt punctuation it highlights a detached character. Instead he lists a logical thought process and lays out what he thinks, almost unaware of a reader highlighted in the opening lines, â€Å"I’ll catch the two o’clock bus and get there in the afternoon. Then I can keep the vigil and I’ll come back tomorrow night. I asked my boss for two days off†¦ † This almost list style of writing enables the reader from building a connection or impression to the character as there doesn’t seem to be much depth to his emotions or opinions. Meursault is unlike Holden in the sense that he does not crave attention and want people to like him his actions throughout the book explain how he is a stranger to society as he cant fathom why everyone around him is so interested in his being. The story examines the uncertainty of Justice: the public official compiling the details of the murder case tells him repentance and turning to Christianity will save him, but Meursault refuses to pretend he has found religion; emotional honesty overrides self-preservation, and he accepts the idea of punishment as a consequence of his ctions as part of the status quo. The actual death of the Arab as a human being with a family is seems almost irrelevant, as Camus tells us little more about the victim beyond the fact that he is dead. Indeed, Meursault is never even asked to confront, reflect or comment upon the victim as anything other than as a consequence of his actions and the cause of his current predicament. The humanity of the victim and inhumanity of murdering another human being is seemingly beside the point. The book holds huge relevance to the twentieth century reader as an interesting motif in The Stranger is that of watching or observation. Camus is writing a book about our endless search for meaning: that we are all looking for a purpose in our lives. The characters of The Stranger all watch each other and the world around them. Meursault watches the world go by from his balcony. He later passively watches his own trial; the world around him is a fascination to Meursault. He keenly observes the sun, the heat, the physical geography of his surroundings. The eyes of the Jury and witnesses at his trial, finally the idea of the watching crowd, representing the eyes of ociety, as he is an outsider of the world he surrounds himself in. To conclude, both The Stranger and The Catcher in the Rye are both relevant to different people within the twenty first century society for many different reasons, but both novels were written with the same topic of how one fits into society. Due to both characters in the novels being from different age groups within society it allows them to become important to people within those same age groups today as many face the same dilemma of finding themselves an outsider within their society. How to cite The Catcher in the Rye and The Outsider novels hold, Papers

Business Research Social and Influential Platform

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Social and Influential Platform. Answer: Introduction of the Problem Statement The Internet is the biggest social and influential platform on now and upcoming days. It creates a great impact on social media in all over the world. This is the best developing medium which is used by millions of user in all over the world. So every people may have a dream to become a business through this platform. To become better a business, it is necessary to introduce a unique strategy to implement it. It needs geographical coverage as well as some test preference. It contains many types of businesses like online emailing, mobile advertisement as well as social media marketing etc. In order to develop a business through the web, it is crucial to make a strong link between publisher and advertiser. Online advertising also takes very less costing instead of offline advertising. That's why many people are using this platform to promote their business. Aim of Research The aim of introducing this topic is to attract customers to the online advertising world. Many consumer or viewers are getting bored to see ads on the web or social networking sites. So by this topic, peoples may understand the background features of the ad, so they do not get bored to see that and also attracted on a different way (Plummer, 2007). Research theory and Literature Review Marketing is a very large manufacturing world which not only distributes products or goods from manufacturer to final customer; it also respects customer demand and picks appropriate product collection. The Internet is the only one platform from where people choose their products according to their requirement very reliably. The internet advertising companies have an aspiration to assess and identify the competence of their campaigns to the boundary. The client always gives his/her concerns to the related campaign to the boundary. They also need more profit from the campaign and according to this; they invest money on this (Partridge, 2011). The client also concerns about the difference between technical implementation and the economic understanding of their business. Basically, it depends on the understanding of several directions. If any problem occurred into the understanding then it may because software damages or software fully not worked (Inglehart, 2000). For that reason, an online advertisement management program is introduced. This program will handle that, an online advertiser should familiar with peoples. Variable and hypothesis Online advertising industry depends on four unique theories. It based on simplification, ads, software platform and cost effectiveness. So the designing, as well as appearance, is the most primary variable for developing an online advertising business. It also varies on customer nature and behavior. There have three parts in customer behavior. Few customers mainly give their attention in brand costs (Hanafizadeh, Behboudi and Hasanabad, 2014). So it is needed to maintain the cost of products according to the quality of it. Also, a manufacturer has to take care of the mid based customer. So according to hypotheses if we go with the first choice then we have to reduce our products cost which is not possible for every product. Research Objective Increasing client involvement as well as improving relationships with prospects. Identification of low targeted audience from the general audience. Special bonus and offers for the existing customers. This is also the main objective to make attention to existing customer (Drew, 2002). Attract customer with the quality of brands and offers to develop the business. Research questions Will the targeted audience notice the ad? Within a lot of fake advertisement it's very hard to attract the consumer, but if a consumer gets a clear picture of your ad then it is possible to attract targeted people. What potential changes can be made to improve the impact of the ad? Increasingly, many companies test their ads before they are released to the public to prevent unexpected reactions and ensure their message isclearly communicated. Will the ad have an effect on purchase limit? Its also tough to get an effect on purchase limit. People have behavior to attract in such like an ad that shows 10% off 20% off. So to increase that one has to look upon that. Research design and methodology To create a significant place in online marketing industry one should take care of some rules and regulations (Reimers, Chao and Gorman, 2016). That are the type of advertisement and web pages where it will appear and hope it will integrate with content and how fine it coordinated with advertisers target audience. Traditional media advertising is very inefficient advertising technique than online advertising. So the web should permit the advertisers for gathering complete information on who saw an ad as well as when and in what background also how many times by which one company can get to know that which products add are more popular. Creative design of the home page is critical to attracting any of the customers at her first glance within some time the users should get the thought regarding the website as well as where to go inside it. For that to spread your ads all over you, have to use most of the language to serve your ads, to communicate will different languages people. Data analysis Nowadays it is the biggest problem that customers are annoyed with thousands of pop-up windows fake ads (Hine, 2013). So at first we have to change our plan to serve the advertisement. So we have to choose those websites that have will reputations and make a deal with few no of an advertising company. And one should increase the involvement of customer in defining brand characteristics. The most important thing in digital advertising is that cost effectiveness. It depends on three relations that are purchase-convictions, preference-liking, and knowledge-awareness. Liking depends on click through rate knowledge interactive advertising, hyperlink. According to the growth of the internet in 2000's, the online advertising also increases. According to survey for the yr 2012, Jupiter Research forecasted $34.5 billion in online advertising expenditure. According to information beginning of 2011 online advertiser revenues rose 23.2% to make a record US$14.9 billion the rate of expansion is almost double through the growth of the year 2009 (Rosner, Halcrow and Levins, 2001). So in upcoming days with the help of growth of the internet, digital advertising will also increase. But the competition will be high. So if you are not compromising with the old ideas you are going to be ruined by other upcoming companies. Recommendation and conclusion Is promoting advertisement on the internet an appropriate option? I give concern at this question regarding efficiency, profitability as well as marketing processes. Now a day's internet advertising is the key of adverting success with the growth of the internet. It is an easy method to distribute information, an advance method of treating customers, an immediate and direct promoting of business, and reduced cost of performing the tasks. The only negative aspect is that customers fear over the internet the fear that ordering through an online advertisement will get lost in fear of cyberspace. Though you try your best, you will not let all peoples look upon your ads until you get the reputation. So you have to carry your reputation and regularity with your tricky attractive ads. References Drew, K. (2002).Online branding. London: Laurence King Pub. Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Hasanabad, H. (2014). Online Advertising Intermediary:.International Journal Of Online Marketing,4(1), 29-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2014010103 Hine, C. (2013).The Internet. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Inglehart, W. (2000).Hypothesis. New York, N.Y.: Vantage Press. Partridge, K. (2011).Social networking. New York: H.W. Wilson. Plummer, J. (2007).The online advertising playbook. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Reimers, V., Chao, C., Gorman, S. (2016). Permission email marketing and its influence on online shopping.Asia Pacific Journal Of Marketing And Logistics,28(2), 308-322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-03-2015-0037 Rosner, B., Halcrow, A., Levins, A. (2001).Communication. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Wife Of Bath Characters Essays - The Canterbury Tales

Wife Of Bath Characters Upon a first reading of the Wife of Bath's Prologue, it's hard not to feel the need to pat her on the shoulder and say ?Go-girl!? There's no denying the impact that Feminism has had on our Millennium-revved society, and the Wife of Bath's character would certainly have contradicted the oppressive customs of Chaucer's time. But on closer inspection, it would seem that the Prologue could be considered a medium for an anti-feminist message, under the semblance of a seemingly feminist exterior. She confesses her treatment of her husbands and her tendency to ?swere and lyen,? and this self-incrimination invokes a feeling that the Wife is an extraordinarily attractive character by sharing her feminine faults with us, good-humouredly. At the same time, her robust energy and her arguments against anti-feminists; her comments about clerks being unable to do ?Venus werkes? and taking it out on ?sely wyf(s)? in print, are carried further in the Tale, where the ending arguably serves as a climax, summarising many of the Wife's themes. In her Prologue, her arguments in favour of marriage show a hearty common sense, but they are suspect ? while it is true that marriage peoples the earth and replenishes existing stocks of ?virginitee,? her own marriages do not seem to have produced any offspring, and while it may be ?bet [?] to be wedded than to brinne,? her marriages, despite her claim that ?in wyfhood I wol use myn instrument,? do not seem to have prevented her from ?goon a-caterwaw[ing]? and by decision engaging in fornication (?I ne loved nevere by no discrecioun/But evere folwede myn appetit,/Al were he short, or long, or blak, or whit?), which is after all what marriage was, according to her, supposed to prevent. From the account she gives of her marriages, it becomes increasingly obvious that marriage for her is not quite so beneficial as one might think ? the only benefit the husbands get, in exchange for their ?purgatorie,? is that of her ?bele chose? (which, it must be pointed out, they ? with the possible exception of Jankin, who satisfied her better than ?bacon? ? have to share with other ?good felawes?), but it is worth observing that she never speaks of the sexual act as giving the male partner pleasure (except with regard to ?daun Salomon? ? but she identifies with him rather than his wives: ?As wolde God it were leveful unto me/ To be refresshed half so ofte as he!?) ? on the contrary, she speaks of the husband's ?dette? to his wife, of ?How pitously a-night I made hem swinke!? and of ?his tribulacion withal/ Upon his flessh.? Also, while she claims Biblical support for her views on marriage, the support that she cites is conveniently edited to suit her purposes (for example, Solomon did have 700 wives and 300 concubines ? but his appetites led to his turning away from God; and the marital relationship specified in the Bible is a reciprocal one rather than the one-sided one she speaks of, tilted in favour of the wife ? she conveniently ignores that while ?Apostel [?]/[?] bad oure housbondes for to love us weel,? he also exhorts women to love their husbands), and she elsewhere ignores the Bible when it proves difficult to ?glose? in her favour (as in her dismissal of its order to dress ?in habit maad with chastitee and shame?). Moreover, her behaviour is a demonstration of all the anti-feminist accusations that she (falsely) claims her husband/s of levelling at her (the ultimate irony, since she is proving the truth of these very accusations at the very time when she is making them up). She does dress gaily (cf. Her stockings ?of fyn scarlet reed?) ? and probably for the same reasons that she goes ?walkinge out by night?, it is doubtful that she ?abides? in ?chastitee,? she is devious and deceitful (making up the accusations in order to pre-empt any on the part of the husband/s), she is self-willed (?we wol ben at oure large?) and she is arguably like ?bareyne lond? and ?wilde fyr? (she has no children, and has ?consumed? five husbands). To see the Wife of Bath's Prologue as being merely an anti-feminist vehicle would be to ignore the frequent ambiguity that is displayed in the Prologue as the Wife charms her way through her shameless and yet strangely winning confession (it should be noted that she is earlier described as having been ?a worthy womman al hir live? in the General Prologue, despite her five ?housbondes?